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高考英语语法:省略与替代详解

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  Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略
  1.在下列动词see ,watch ,notice , observe , look at , make , have ,let , hear , listen to , feel等后的不定式做宾补,要省略不定式符号。
  2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的结构中,在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。
  3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。
  4.在几个不定式并列时,第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。
  5.在expect ,forget , like ,want , wish , try , have , need , used , ought , be able , be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中,不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。
  Ⅱ、从句中的省略
  1.在if , as if ,while , when , where , although , unless , what , whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。
  Mistakes, if any ,should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
  Please come again ,if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
  Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
  He won’t come ,unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
  He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)
  2. 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时,省略if。
  Were I you, I would not do it.
  Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
  3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
  If you don’t go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
  4.宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which,whom等
  在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。
  Ⅲ、介词的省略
  prevent sb (from) doing sth.
  stop sb (from) doing sth.
  have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
  spend time / money (in) doing sth.
  be busy (in) doing sth.
  Ⅳ、替代
  省略与代替的作用是什么?
  1.so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有:hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.
  2.用not代替so的情况.
  3.用不定式符号代替不定式.
  4.用do在句子中代替其它动词.

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